Cross-Border M&A Transactions in India
The principal legislation governing the foreign exchange aspects of all cross-border transactions is The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). The applicable regulations for inbound transactions, i.e. cases where a foreign company acquires a local company or merges with one, are the FEMA (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules, 2019. But outbound transactions where an Indian company purchases […]
The Rise of Digital Identity Verification and Its Regulatory Landscape
I. Introduction Over the last ten years, digital identity verification has transitioned from a specialized technical issue to one of the areas of law and policy that have the deepest impact on people’s lives. Determining your identity online, the means of confirming that identity, and the question of who is allowed to keep the data […]
Sports Law in India: Key Legal Issues Every Sports Association Should Know
I. Introduction Over the last ten years, digital identity verification has transitioned from a specialized technical issue to one of the areas of law and policy that have the deepest impact on people’s lives. Determining your identity online, the means of confirming that identity, and the question of who is allowed to keep the data […]
FRRO Registration in India A Practical Guide for Foreign Nationals
There are now more visitors to India from different countries due to global changes & reasons such as work/studies/research/as well as long visits. The increased focus on compliance with immigration laws and admission of Foreign Nationals (and their consequent registration with the FRRO or FRO upon arrival) has caused an increase in regulation of entry […]
The Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2026 and the Future of India’s Diaspora Policy
As a holder of an OCI card (or one who aspires to be), the newly notified Citizenship (Amendment) Rules of 2026 can hardly be considered just another administrative update. For these rules are actually reconfiguring, the manner in which one relates with the Indian government, It comes after years of ad-hoc circulars, inconsistent processes, a […]
Digital Sovereignty in the Age of Global Commerce: A Study of Data Localization Laws
Introduction Regulating data has become the most challenging frontier of international economic law. State, and for this the international legal order is not prepared: the logic of trade liberalization pushes for free cross-border data flows; yet the sovereign logic demands localization for data privacy, national security, law enforcement reasons and a digital industrial policy. The […]
Permanent Establishment And Taxation Challenges In The Digital Economy
Introduction The foundational principles of international taxation, meticulously built over the course of a century, are perched on one physical pivot-the Permanent Establishment (PE). A business’s profits are taxable in a source country if the enterprise has a PE there; meaning a fixed place of business through which the business is wholly or in part […]
A Critical Analysis of the India–Japan CEPA: Trade Performance, Legal Framework, and the Need for Reform
1. Introduction Indian Economic performance during the CEPA period—a sad curve While a purely quantitative assessment is applied to Indian economic relation with Japan, there is nothing substantial on that has experienced any kind of leap forward which was expected during the CEPA talks. The trade of goods between India and Japan has been stagnant […]
Legal Risks In Platform-Based Businesses_ Intermediary Liability Under The Information Technology Act, 2000
INTRODUCTION In today’s economy which is rapidly evolving into the digital world, platforms have emerged as the new marketplaces and service providers. Regardless of whether it is a well-established social media network, an e-commerce platform or a cloud service provider, all of these entities share a legal status i.e., they are Intermediaries. While a platform-based […]
Rebalancing Global Trade: Challenges to Multilateralism in International Trade & Investment Law
The Post War construction of international economic law, built piece by piece around the institutions of Bretton Woods and the GATT, stands seriously off balance. The collapse of the Doha Development Round (now officially ongoing but considered moribund) has put the negotiating pillar into dormancy. The system of global trade and investment governance cannot survive […]