Digital Trade Rules and Cross-Border Supply Chains: Compliance Steps for IP, Customs and Data Flow
Introduction The rise of the global economy in the 21st century has seen digitized trade not only incorporate trade as one of its aspects but also form a key support system for worldwide supply chains. The rise and increased use of digitized services and intellectual property protection have not only changed international trade practices concerning […]
Joint Ventures as Strategic Tools for Market Diversification Amid Global Trade in 2026
Introduction In 2026, global trade fragmentation—driven by U.S.-China decoupling following Trump’s 2025 reelection, rising regional blocs (AfCFTA, RCEP), and supply chain reshoring—compels firms to adopt joint ventures (JVs) for market diversification and local corporations rethink expansion models and practices in the global trade landscape. In such a milieu, the role of joint ventures as an […]
Cross Border Tech Deals in the Age of Geopolitical Friction: Contacting and IP Safeguards
The intensifying geopolitical tensions around the world have significantly increased the complexity and legal burden placed on cross-border Technology Transactions (CTT), which include but are not limited to, Joint Ventures (JV), Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A), Licensing Agreements and Strategic Alliances (SA), all of which are critical to the process of Innovation and Growth. In addition […]
DTAA Between India and the USA: Tax Treatment of Income and Key Provisions
In a world that is becoming increasingly globalized, individuals and businesses earn income from around the world. While globalization opens opportunities for individuals and businesses worldwide, it also gives rise to the problem of double taxation. To solve this problem, countries sign Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements. One of the most commonly used agreements is that […]
Capital Structuring in UAE Joint Ventures Post-Foreign Ownership Reforms
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a hub for incoming investment in the region, due to its business-friendly environment, solid infrastructure, and stable political environment. In previous years foreign investors that wanted to set up in the UAE needed a UAE national partner with 51% equity interest in the majority of businesses established in […]
Joint Venture Regulation in the European Union under Competition and Merger Control Laws
In order to regulate joint ventures, the EU has put in place a two-tiered legal framework consisting of separate rules so that each joint venture can be evaluated accordingly based on its characteristics and economic impact. Joint ventures can be evaluated based on either Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU […]
SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations of 2026
The SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations of 2026 represent a major paradigm shift in the regulation of mutual funds in India. The regulations have been introduced by SEBI and aim at replacing the existing framework under the regulations of 1996 with a stronger focus on transparency, investor protection, rationalization of costs, and easy compliance. The regulations […]
SEBI’s Lock-in Norms for Pre-IPO Investors
SEBI’s Lock-in Norms for Pre-IPO Investors Introduction The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the premier regulator of India’s capital markets and plays a central role in governing how companies raise capital from public investors via mechanisms such as Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). One of the key components of its regulatory framework is […]
CSR Obligations Under The Companies Act 2013 A Critical Analysis
Securities Market Code, 2025 The enactment of the Companies Act, 2013 marked a paradigm shift in Indian corporate governance, making India the first country to legally mandate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Prior to this, CSR was a philanthropic activity, voluntary in nature. The introduction of Section 135 institutionalized the concept of “giving back,” moving from […]
Securities Market Code, 2025
Securities Market Code, 2025 The Indian capital markets have operated under a fragmented legal framework for decades. The introduction of the Securities Market Code, 2025 (the Code) in the Lok Sabha on December 18, 2025, marks the end of this era. This legislation is a foundational reset. It seeks to consolidate and replace the three […]